The Prophet Muhammad was born with a group of people who were idol worshippers (pagan Arabs). He was from one of the most noble tribes of the Arabs at that time. He is from pure linage.

His Mother passed away when he was 6 years old, he lost his Father before he is born, he had no education and he was not a philosopher. People at that time know each others very well like they trade with each others everyday, it is not like today everyone is isolated and living away from each others.

His people gave him 2 names "The Trustworthy, The Honest". Even those who didn't believe in his message later.

Whenever they had disputes, they go back to him to solve their disputes. They come to him to make judgement because they know he is the trustworthy, the honest.
And when they travel, they left their belongs and wealth with him.

Then, the Prophet had his first encounter with angel Gabriel at the age of 40. He had some verses revealed to him from the Quran.

“ Read, ˹O Prophet,˺ in the Name of your Lord Who created... ” (Quran 96:1)

He was commanded that Allah is the only God worthy of worship so people need to worship God alone and stop worshipping idols.

Then he spent 13 years of persecution, boycott and exiled from his beloved city (Mecca). He was starved of food and stoned by children to the point where blood drenched his legs. Many of his companions killed, they tried to assassinate the Prophet multiple times so he had to leave Mecca and go to Madina.

The Person who claim to be a Prophet of God, he is one of 2 things. He is either the biggest liar out there because he lie about the creator or he is the most truthful person.

The Prophet claimed to be a messenger of God. If he was not saying the truth then, there should be reasons such as "financial gain", "lying because he is scared of something" or "want to have power in his community"

The pagan Arabs offered the Prophet an offer "We will give you wealth until you are the richest among us, if you want women, we will give you our own women and if you want to be a leader, you will make you a leader over us, just to stop preaching Islam and calling people away from idols"

The Prophet respond with "If you are able to bring me a piece of that sun then we talk" meaning he is commanded to do this by God.

If the prophet was claiming to be a messenger of God for financial or any other material gain, why he did not accept the offer (money, women and leadership)?

On the other side, his message cost him materially and socially (persecution, boycott, loss of business), yet he persisted.

He lived very simple life. He lived only on water and dates for 3 months. (source Sahih al-Bukhari 2567)

The Prophet told his companions dont overpraise me.

Another event, the son of the Prophet Muhammad (Ibrahim) passed away then, a moon eclipse that happened. The Arabs thought God made the eclipse happen because His prophet’s son passed away

What would a liar say in that situation?
ofc this eclipse because my son died. But the Prophet didn't say that

If the Prophet was deluded then, he will use this opportunity to reinforce his claim.

Another event, the Prophet had mortgaged his armor (shield/coat of mail) to a Jewish man. He could have gone and asked anyone one from the companions to give him money.
But he didn't use the fact that he is a prophet to get wealth. He didn't use his status.

Now the Question is: Why he would do any of that if he was not a messenger of God?

He taught people to worship the same God of Jesus, Moses, Abraham, believe in the prophets (Jesus, Moses, Nuh etc..), give charity to poor people, be good to your family, satan is your enemy etc..

Moreover, the Prophet conducted many miracles and they are recorded in our tradition by many eyewitness accounts and we can easily check their authenticity.

The Prophet made many different types of future prophecies, and i discussed some of them in the "Future Prophecies" section.

One of the Prophecies was when the pagan Arabs tried to kill the Prophet, he had to immigrate to Madina. They sent someone after him called "suraqa ibn malik", he was a bounty hunter.

When that bounty hunter came close to the Prophet, his horse kept sinking in the sand and it never happened before. So he relized there is something about this person.

Then, the Prophet told him you will hold the bracelets of the Persian king! (Future Prophecy) (Source: al bidayah wan nihayah ibn kathir, V7, P.78)

The Persian king was the most powerful man on the Earth at that time. You had the 2 biggest empires (Persian and Roman). it is like America and Russian nowadays

Later on the Prophet passed away and the First Caliphate of Islam took the leadership of muslim.

Suraqa ibn malik became a Muslim and he fought with the Muslims many battles.

The First Caliphte (Abu Baker) of Islam passed. The Second Caliphate of Islam (omar) took the leadership

And at the time of the Second caliphate, Muslims conquered the Roman empire. And the second Caliphate gave the bracelet of the Persian king to that man suraqa ibn malik.

So here the prophet told a random guy that was going to kill the prophet in the desert of Arabia that he will hold the bracelets of the Persian king.

What if this bounty hunter didn't become muslim or died?
What if died when he was fighting wars with muslims after he accepted islam?
What if he died from any diseases or even Muslims didn't defeat the Roman empire?
what if the Persian king himself died for any reason?

If any of these questions happened then, this prophecy will be false and islam will be false.

The only reasonable conclusion is that the Prophet Muhammad was speaking the truth. This conclusion is echoed by the historian Dr. William Draper.